Variability of Air–Sea Interactions over the Indian Ocean Derived from Satellite Observations
Open Access
- 1 August 1998
- journal article
- Published by American Meteorological Society in Journal of Climate
- Vol. 11 (8), 1859-1873
- https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442-11.8.1859
Abstract
Novel ways of monitoring the large-scale variability of the southwest monsoon in the Indian Ocean are presented using multispectral satellite datasets. The fields of sea surface temperature (SST), surface latent heat flux (LHF), net surface solar radiation (SW), precipitation (P), and SW − LHF over the Indian Ocean are analyzed to characterize the seasonal and interannual variability with special emphasis on the period 1988–90. It is shown that satellite data are able to make a significant contribution to the multiplatform strategy necessary to describe the large-scale spatial and temporal variability of air–sea interactions associated with the Indian Ocean Monsoon. The satellite data analyzed here has shown for the first time characteristics of the interannual variability of air–sea interactions over the entire Indian Ocean. Using monthly means of SST, LHF, SW, P, and the difference SW − LHF, the main features of the seasonal and interannual variability of air–sea interactions over the Indian Ocean are characterized. It is shown that the southwest monsoon strongly affects these interactions, inducing dramatic exchanges of heat between air and sea and large temporal variations of these exchanges over relatively small timescale (with regards to typical oceanic timescales). The analyses indicate an overall good agreement between satellite and in situ (ship) estimates, except in the southern Indian Ocean, where ship sampling is minimal, the disagreement can be large. In the latitudinal band of 10°N–15°S, differences in climatological in situ estimates of surface sensible heat flux and net longwave radiation has a larger influence on the net surface heat flux than the difference between satellite and in situ estimates of SW and LHF.Keywords
This publication has 28 references indexed in Scilit:
- Uncertainties in Global Ocean Surface Heat Flux Climatologies Derived from Ship ObservationsJournal of Climate, 1997
- Surface Solar Radiation Flux and Cloud Radiative Forcing for the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP): A Satellite, Surface Observations, and Radiative Transfer Model StudyJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1997
- Seasonal variation of surface radiation budget derived from International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project C1 dataJournal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 1992
- Net Surface Solar Irradiance Variability in the Central Equatorial Pacific during 1982–1985Journal of Climate, 1992
- Spatial and temporal variability of global surface solar irradianceJournal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 1991
- Cloud effects on air-sea interactions during the 1979 Indian summer monsoon as studied from satellite observationsArchiv für Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie Serie A, 1990
- Interaction between Net Shortwave Flux and Sea Surface TemperatureJournal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 1989
- An attempt to remotely sense from space the surface heat budget over the Indian Ocean during the 1979 MonsoonGeophysical Research Letters, 1988
- Radiative effects of changing atmospheric water vapourTellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 1984
- A Simple Physical Model to Estimate Incident Solar Radiation at the Surface from GOES Satellite DataJournal of Applied Meteorology, 1980