Role of adjuvant surgery for patients with initially unresectable pancreatic cancer with a long‐term favorable response to non‐surgical anti‐cancer treatments: results of a project study for pancreatic surgery by the Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery

Abstract

Purpose A multicenter survey was conducted to explore the role of adjuvant surgery for initially unresectable pancreatic cancer with a long‐term favorable response to non‐surgical cancer treatments. Methods Clinical data including overall survival were retrospectively compared between 58 initially unresectable pancreatic cancer patients who underwent adjuvant surgery with a favorable response to non‐surgical cancer treatments over 6 months after the initial treatment and 101 patients who did not undergo adjuvant surgery because of either unchanged unresectability, a poor performance status, and/or the patients' or surgeons' wishes. Results Overall mortality and morbidity were 1.7 and 47 % in the adjuvant surgery group. The survival curve in the adjuvant surgery group was significantly better than in the control group (p < 0.0001). The propensity score analysis revealed that adjuvant surgery was a significant independent prognostic variable with an adjusted hazard ratio (95 % confidence interval) of 0.569 (0.36—0.89). Subgroup analysis according to the time from initial treatment to surgical resection showed a significant favorable difference in the overall survival in patients who underwent adjuvant surgery over 240 days after the initial treatment. Conclusion Adjuvant surgery for initially unresectable pancreatic cancer patients can be a safe and effective treatment. The overall survival rate from the initial treatment is extremely high, especially in patients who received non‐surgical anti‐cancer treatment for more than 240 days.