Small dense low-density lipoprotein and its role as an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease
- 1 August 2006
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) in Current Opinion in Lipidology
- Vol. 17 (4), 412-417
- https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mol.0000236367.42755.c1
Abstract
This review discusses whether the relationship of small dense low-density lipoprotein to cardiovascular risk is direct, due to the atherogenic properties of the particle, or a reflection of concomitant abnormalities in high-density lipoprotein and plasma triglyceride. Recent studies have examined whether low-density lipoprotein size distribution or concentration of small low-density lipoprotein is related more strongly to risk. It appears that the latter is a better predictor in major surveys, although in smaller cohort studies particle size shows a strong association with atherosclerosis burden. While the main causes of the formation of small dense low-density lipoprotein are relatively well understood, novel metabolic factors may also play a role, and pharmacologic interventions such as glitazones may have a direct regulatory impact. Evidence links abnormalities in low-density lipoprotein structure to cardiovascular risk. The plasma concentration of small dense low-density lipoprotein is likely to be more informative than relative low-density lipoprotein particle size, and although methods are available for quantitation of this subfraction, there is considerable room for improvement. It is not yet clear how knowledge of the small dense low-density lipoprotein concentration may add to risk prediction.Keywords
This publication has 46 references indexed in Scilit:
- Increased Small Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle NumberCirculation, 2006
- Type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and vascular risk: Rationale and evidence for correcting the lipid imbalanceAmerican Heart Journal, 2005
- The Metabolic Syndrome: Time for a Critical AppraisalDiabetes Care, 2005
- Insulin resistance and adiposity influence lipoprotein size and subclass concentrations. Results from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis StudyMetabolism, 2005
- Diabetic dyslipidaemia: from basic research to clinical practice*Diabetologia, 2003
- Metabolic origins and clinical significance of LDL heterogeneityJournal of Lipid Research, 2002
- Hypertriglyceridemia as a Cardiovascular Risk FactorThe American Journal of Cardiology, 1998
- Lipoprotein Heterogeneity and Apolipoprotein B MetabolismArteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 1997
- Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in individuals with small, dense low density lipoprotein particles.JCI Insight, 1993
- Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. A proposed genetic marker for coronary heart disease risk.Circulation, 1990