This period which is named as Second National Architecture Movement in the Republic Period architecture and which covers the period between 1938-1950 developed under the impacts of various political, economic and social changes both in the world and Turkey and established the first important step for the Republic regime in terms of creating its own identity in architecture. This movement in which the Anatolian traditional public architecture was brought to forefront to replace the Ottoman Architecture which had been the basis starting point in the First National Architecture Movement which included the primary ten years of Republic hereby comprises the most unique period of the architecture history of the Republic period. In this period in which a formalist approach was effective, from the use of materials up to architectural details, a connection was established with the with the public in the light of the principle of populism of the Republic and a national identity was aimed to be created in the architecture. However, attempts for creating a national identity in the architecture which were based on an only formal and emotional approach without solving the basic problems expired by the political changes sourced from the expiration of the II. World War, the changes of economic conditions and the implementation of multi-party period. For providing the integration with the west, as experienced in all areas as of early 1950s, international currents began to be effective in the field of architecture as well and the values in the architecture which had been brought by the Second National Architecture Movement were put aside. However, these values were fed by local architectural factors especially in Anatolia and converted into a fashion acclaim and protected its existence until 1970s. Primarily in the capital Ankara and İstanbul, the buildings of Second National Architecture Movement which were encountered in various cities of Anatolia and the structures constructed later on in the following periods under the inspiration of these structures took an unique place within the Republic period architecture history as a factor which are complementing the identities of the cities of today’s history and their historic fabrics. These structures, of which their numbers are getting increased in recent years due to various reasons, which remained like documentary values determining the history and socio- culture of a specific period and which are the integral part of the identities of the historical cities, should be repaired correctly within the scope of correct planning by keeping their unique properties thereof and should be transmitted to future generations. This is vitally important for the protection of the cultural heritage.