Tipping the redox balance of oxidative stress in fibrogenic pathways in chronic kidney disease
- 7 May 2009
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Pediatric Nephrology
- Vol. 24 (12), 2309-2319
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-009-1199-5
Abstract
Patients with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease have a greatly increased cardiovascular risk that cannot be explained entirely by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. An increase in oxidative stress and inflammation have been proposed as nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors in this patient population. Oxidative stress reflects the redox balance between oxidant generation and antioxidant mechanisms. The generation of reactive oxygen species is not simply a random process that oxidizes nearby macromolecules, but, in many instances, the oxidants target particular amino acid residues or lipid moieties. Oxidant mechanisms are now recognized to be intimately involved in cell signaling and to be vital components of the immune response. This is equally true for antioxidant mechanisms as well. In the progression of chronic kidney disease, the redox balance is not in equilibrium and is tipped toward oxidation, resulting in the dysregulation of cellular process and subsequent tissue injury. In this review we discuss the major oxidant and antioxidant pathways and the biomarkers to assess redox status. We also review the data linking the pathogenesis of oxidative stress, inflammation, and the progressive loss of kidney function in chronic kidney disease.Keywords
This publication has 128 references indexed in Scilit:
- Efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in preventing renal injury after heart surgery: a systematic review of randomized trialsEuropean Heart Journal, 2009
- Genetic deficiency of NADPH oxidase does not diminish, but rather enhances, LPS-induced acute inflammatory responses in vivoFree Radical Biology & Medicine, 2008
- Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Protects Against Matrix Degradation of Heparan Sulfate in the LungAntioxidants and Redox Signaling, 2008
- Oxidative Stress, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1, and Lung FibrosisAntioxidants and Redox Signaling, 2008
- Cardiovascular complications of pediatric chronic kidney diseasePediatric Nephrology, 2008
- Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of thiol/disulfide redox systems: A perspective on redox systems biologyFree Radical Biology & Medicine, 2007
- Evaluation of disulfide reduction during receptor-mediated endocytosis by using FRET imagingProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2006
- Specificity in reactive oxidant signaling: think globally, act locallyThe Journal of cell biology, 2006
- Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risks in chronic hemodialysis patientsKidney International, 2000
- Immunologic function and survival in hemodialysis patientsKidney International, 1998