Pt–M (M = Cu, Fe, Zn, etc.) bimetallic nanomaterials with abundant surface defects and robust catalytic properties

Abstract
By manipulating both the “stacking” and “carving” routes at the nanoscale, we successfully fabricated a class of Pt-based bimetallic NCs with defect-rich surface structures, which exhibited robust electrocatalytic performance toward both MOR and ORR compared with commercial Pt/C catalysts due to their abundant surface defects (high density of low-coordinated atoms such as steps, edges and kinked atoms).