Risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease in the general population
Open Access
- 27 July 2005
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- Vol. 22 (4), 309-315
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02564.x
Abstract
Background: The aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease remains largely unknown. Aim: We performed a comprehensive assessment of potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease. Methods: We identified a cohort of patients 20–84 years old between 1995 and 1997 registered in the General Practitioner Research Database in the UK. A total of 444 incident cases of IBD were ascertained and validated with the general practitioner. We performed a nested case–control analysis using all cases and a random sample of 10 000 frequency-matched controls. Results: Incidence rates for ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and indeterminate colitis were 11, 8, and 2 cases per 100 000 person-years, respectively. Among women, we found that long-term users of oral contraceptives were at increased risk of developing UC (OR: 2.35; 95% CI: 0.89–6.22) and CD (OR: 3.15; 95% CI: 1.24–7.99). Similarly, long-term users of HRT had an increased risk of CD (OR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.04–6.49) but not UC. Current smokers experienced a reduced risk of UC along with an increased risk of CD. Prior appendectomy was associated with a decreased the risk of UC (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.14–1.00). Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis of an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease associated with oral contraceptives use and suggest a similar effect of hormone replacement therapy on CD. We also confirmed the effects of smoking and appendectomy on inflammatory bowel disease.This publication has 15 references indexed in Scilit:
- Systematic review: is ingestion of paracetamol or non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs associated with exacerbations of inflammatory bowel disease?Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2004
- Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: incidence, prevalence, and environmental influencesGastroenterology, 2004
- Role of Appendicitis and Appendectomy in the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis: A Critical ReviewInflammatory Bowel Diseases, 2002
- Depression and anxiety in people with inflammatory bowel diseaseJournal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2001
- Inflammatory bowel disease: epidemiology and management in an English general practice populationAlimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2000
- Crohnʼs disease incidence in Cardiff from 1930: an update for 1991-1995European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2000
- Detection of Colorectal Tumor and Inflammatory Bowel Disease during Follow-up of Patients with Initial Diagnosis of Irritable Bowel SyndromeScandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2000
- Cigarette Smoking and Ulcerative Colitis: A Case-Control StudyMayo Clinic Proceedings, 1994
- Validation of information recorded on general practitioner based computerised data resource in the United Kingdom.BMJ, 1991