Biodiversity and Biogeography of an Important Inbred Pest of Coffee, Coffee Berry Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Open Access
- 1 May 2005
- journal article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Annals of the Entomological Society of America
- Vol. 98 (3), 359-366
- https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0359:baboai]2.0.co;2
Abstract
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting was used to examine the genetic variability and biogeography of the most important insect pest of coffee, Coffea arabica L., the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari). H. hampei samples (n = 101) from 17 countries on three continents were examined. Only 26 unique fingerprints (haplotypes) were discovered among all samples. Genetic variability was extremely low (10% average polymorphism per sample), but genetic differentiation was high (ΦST = 0.464). The distribution of the fingerprints and their genetic relatedness to each other suggested that a West African source population invaded both Asia and America. Three distinct lines entered the Americas through either separate introductions or a single introduction of multiple lines. At least two were first introduced to Brazil and subsequently dispersed throughout the Americas. The third was discovered only in Peru and Colombia. Observations were consistent with the high rate of inbreeding suspected of this pest. With such high inbreeding, undesirable mutations, such as those conferring insecticide resistance, might rapidly become homozygous in H. hampei. However, the low genetic variability observed also suggests that this pest may lack the genetic variability necessary to respond to an intensive control strategy. RESUMEN La técnica AFLP fue usada para generar huella dactilares genéticas examinando la variación genética y la biogeografia de la plaga mas importante del cultivo del café, Coffea arabica L., la broca del café Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari). Muestras de H. hampei (n = 101) provenientes de 17 países en tres continentes fueron examinadas. Solo 26 huellas dactilares (haplotipos) fueron descubiertas. La variación genética fue extremadamente baja (10% promedio de polimorfismos por muestra), pero la diferenciación genética fue alta (ΦST = 0.464). La distribución de las huellas dactilares y la relación genética entre ellas sugirieron que una población originaria del Oeste de Africa que debió haber invadido tanto Asia como América. Tres lineas genéticas distintas entraron a las Américas, ya sea a través de la introducción independiente de varias lineas o a la introducción única de lineas multiples. Al menos dos lineas fueron inicialmente introducidas al Brasil y posteriormente se dispersaron por todas las Américas. La tercera linea fue decubierto solo en Perú y Colombia. Estas observaciones fueron consistentes con la alta tasa de endogamia con la que se sospecha que este insecto posee. Si esto es cierto, algunas mutaciones no deseadas, asi como aquellas que confieren resistencia a insecticidas, podrían volverse homozigóticas rápidamente. Sin embargo, la baja variación genética observada también podría estar sugiriendo que esta plaga carece de la variación genética necesaria para responder a una estrategia de control intensiva.Keywords
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