An Assessment of the Impact of Wind Generation on System Frequency Control
- 16 October 2009
- journal article
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
- Vol. 25 (1), 452-460
- https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2009.2030348
Abstract
Rising wind generation penetrations and the distinctive inertial characteristics of associated turbine technology will impact system frequency control. While wind production will displace conventional synchronous plant, empirical study data presented also suggest that the relationship between the total stored turbine kinetic energy and the total system power production for wind is a variable that exhibits significant nonlinearity. Changing trends in system frequency behavior of a power system following the loss of the largest generator are studied in detail here, using simplified frequency control models and extensive simulations of wind penetration scenarios over an extended multiyear timeframe. The system frequency response is characterized by the rate of change of frequency and the frequency nadir. Results show that increasing levels of doubly fed induction generators and high-voltage dc interconnection alter the frequency behavior significantly, and that system operators may have to be proactive in developing solutions to meet these challenges.Keywords
This publication has 13 references indexed in Scilit:
- Response of Fixed Speed Wind Turbines to System Frequency DisturbancesIEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2009
- Kinetic Energy of Wind-Turbine Generators for System Frequency SupportIEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2008
- Varying penetration ratios of wind turbine technologies for voltage and frequency stabilityPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2008
- Temporary Primary Frequency Control Support by Variable Speed Wind Turbines— Potential and ApplicationsIEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2008
- Wind Turbines Emulating Inertia and Supporting Primary Frequency ControlIEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2006
- Frequency Control in Competitive Electricity Market DispatchIEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2005
- The Inertial Response of Induction-Machine-Based Wind TurbinesIEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2005
- Measurement-based estimation of wind farm inertiaPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2005
- Comparison of the Response of Doubly Fed and Fixed-Speed Induction Generator Wind Turbines to Changes in Network FrequencyIEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2004
- Identification and validation of dynamic global load model parameters for use in power system frequency simulationsIEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1996