The privatization and liberalization of telecommunications services have been debated and pursued with varying speed and successbycountriesthroughout theworld.InTurkey,effortstopri- vatize T¨ urk Telekomand liberalizethetelecommunications regime havenotyetbeensuccessful.Atthesametime,theInternethasexpe- rienceddramaticgrowth.WhiletheexperienceofTurkeyillustrates that formal liberalization of basic telecommunications services is not a necessary condition for the growth of a dynamic Internet services provision market, the relationship between the Internet service providers and the provider of basic telecommunications services remains a critical one. T¨ urk Telekom and policymakers have permitted the creation of a de facto liberal market for Inter- netservices,have supported thecreationofInternetinfrastructure, and have establishedaratherlevelplaying é eldfor Internetservice providers.