Removal of Cu, Ni and Zn from Wastewaters by the Ferrite Process

Abstract
Applicability of the ferrite process in industrial wastewater treatment was investigated in this study. Preliminary experiments were carried out on synthetic wastewater samples, bearing copper, nickel, and zinc cations, to determine the optimum experimental conditions providing ferrite formation and satisfactory metal removal rates from solutions. These conditions were then applied to copper industry wastewater with the same heavy metal cations, with higher concentrations. Experiments resulted in about 100 % removal of both copper and zinc, and 99.0 % removal of nickel at pH 11, 50°C, 1000 ml min−1 aeration, and 2 hours of oxidation, with the ratios of Cu2+:Fe2+=1:4, Ni2+:Fe2+=1:9; and Zn2+:Fe2+=1:10 for this particular wastewater. As well as pH, contact time and Fe2+ concentration in solution were also significant in affecting ferrite formation and hence removal efficiencies of metals. Providing that the optimum conditions are satisfied, the ferrite process can successfully be applied to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewaters.