Yttrium-modified Li4Ti5O12as an effective anode material for lithium ion batteries with outstanding long-term cyclability and rate capabilities
- 1 January 2013
- journal article
- Published by Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in Journal of Materials Chemistry A
- Vol. 1 (1), 89-96
- https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ta00048b
Abstract
Yttrium-modified Li4Ti5O12 (YLTO) was fabricated by a coprecipitation method using tetrabutyl titanate, Y(NO3)3·6H2O and LiOH·H2O as reactants, followed by simply sintering the dried mixture at 600 °C. The products and their lithiation–delithiation process were characterized by a combination of electrochemical measurements, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption. The YLTO exhibits excellent long-term cycling stability (over 1000 cycles) at a high current rate of 10 C and outstanding rate capabilities. Particularly, the YLTO demonstrates remarkable cyclability even if directly cycled at a rate of 10 C without low-rate activation and with no relaxation between charge and discharge. Even without utilizing carbon black as conductive material, the YLTO still shows prominent rate capabilities and long-term cyclic performance at a rate of 5 C. The excellent performance is ascribed to the increased lattice constant, improved electronic and ionic conductivities, refined grains with large surface area and uniform nanopores resulting from the Y-modification.Keywords
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