Extensive functional overlap between σ factors in Escherichia coli
- 6 August 2006
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
- Vol. 13 (9), 806-814
- https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1130
Abstract
Bacterial core RNA polymerase (RNAP) must associate with a σ factor to recognize promoter sequences. Escherichia coli encodes seven σ factors, each believed to be specific for a largely distinct subset of promoters. Using microarrays representing the entire E. coli genome, we identify 87 in vivo targets of σ32, the heat-shock σ factor, and estimate that there are 120–150 σ32 promoters in total. Unexpectedly, 25% of these σ32 targets are located within coding regions, suggesting novel regulatory roles for σ32. The majority of σ32 promoter targets overlap with those of σ70, the housekeeping σ factor. Furthermore, their DNA sequence motifs are often interdigitated, with RNAPσ70 and RNAPσ32 initiating transcription in vitro with similar efficiency and from identical positions. σE-regulated promoters also overlap extensively with those for σ70. These results suggest that extensive functional overlap between σ factors is an important phenomenon.Keywords
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