Changes in the work environment have led to a change in the balance between physical and mental activity. Technological developments have reduced the amount of heavy physical work. Mental and emotional strain have increased in new working environments that are characterised by lack of time, more uncontrollable factors, background distractions, lack of space, general uncertainty, and more administrative work. The general adaptation syndrome, described by the physiologist Selye in 1975, characterises the process of prolonged exposure to stress and is a useful staged concept. #### General adaptation syndrome 1. Alarm reaction 2. Resistance stage 3. Exhaustion stage Stressors are the agents which trigger the various stress reactions. Today's environment provides physical, emotional, and mental stressors that set off the initial alarm reaction. Physical stressors in factories are usually linked to noise and physical and chemical hazards. Emotional or mental stressors can be unpleasant or pleasant. A promotion can be just as stressful as the loss of a position. Stressors are additive and can build up. The way in which people are affected depends on their values, experience, and adaptability. A single stressor can become compounded if elements of the established support system fail—for example, if a car breaks down on the way to an important meeting. #### Work related stressors Physical stressors Emotional and mental stressors This is the immediate response to a challenge or threat. Mobilisation of the autonomic nervous system triggers the stress response (“fight or flight” response). The various body systems involved coordinate the readiness for …