Does Glycemic Variability Impact Mood and Quality of Life?
- 1 April 2012
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Mary Ann Liebert Inc in Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
- Vol. 14 (4), 303-310
- https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2011.0191
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a chronic condition that significantly impacts quality of life. Poor glycemic control is associated with more diabetes complications, depression, and worse quality of life. The impact of glycemic variability on mood and quality of life has not been studied. Methods: A descriptive exploratory design was used. Twenty-three women with type 2 diabetes wore a continuous glucose monitoring system for 72 h and completed a series of questionnaires. Measurements included (1) glycemic control shown by glycated hemoglobin and 24-h mean glucose, (2) glycemic variability shown by 24-h SD of the glucose readings, continuous overall net glycemic action (CONGA), and Fourier statistical models to generate smoothed curves to assess rate of change defined as “energy,” and (3) mood (depression, anxiety, anger) and quality of life by questionnaires. Results: Women with diabetes and co-morbid depression had higher anxiety, more anger, and lower quality of life than those without depression. Certain glycemic variability measures were associated with mood and quality of life. The 24-h SD of the glucose readings and the CONGA measures were significantly associated with health-related quality of life after adjusting for age and weight. Fourier models indicated that certain energy components were significantly associated with depression, trait anxiety, and overall quality of life. Finally, subjects with higher trait anxiety tended to have steeper glucose excursions. Conclusions: Data suggest that greater glycemic variability may be associated with lower quality of life and negative moods. Implications include replication of the study in a larger sample for the assessment of blood glucose fluctuations as they impact mood and quality of life.Keywords
This publication has 35 references indexed in Scilit:
- Anxiety and depression among outpatients with type 2 diabetes: A multi-centre study of prevalence and associated factorsDiabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 2010
- The association between depression and health‐related quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature reviewDiabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 2010
- Continuous Glucose MonitoringThe Diabetes Educator, 2009
- Daily negative mood affects fasting glucose in Type 2 diabetes.Health Psychology, 2009
- How does anger coping style affect glycemic control in diabetes patients?International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2008
- The Psychological Impact of Living With Diabetes Women's Day-to-Day ExperiencesThe Diabetes Educator, 2007
- The Association of Psychological Factors, Physical Activity, Neuropathy, and Quality of Life in Type 2 DiabetesBiological Research For Nursing, 2006
- Relevance of Anger and Irritability in Outpatients with Major Depressive DisorderPsychopathology, 2004
- Mood changes associated with blood glucose fluctuations in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Health Psychology, 1989
- The CES-D ScaleApplied Psychological Measurement, 1977