Thermodynamic Control of the Polymerizability of Five-, Six-, and Seven-Membered Lactones
- 21 August 2009
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in The Journal of Organic Chemistry
- Vol. 74 (16), 6237-6244
- https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9010969
Abstract
The thermodynamics of polymerization of ε-caprolactone and 1,4-dioxan-2-one has been investigated theoretically and compared with that recently reported for δ-valerolactone and γ-butyrolactone. Specifically, the ability of these monomers to polymerize has been related to the strain of the rings, the Gibbs free energy of simple models for ring-opening reactions of the cyclic lactones, and the conformational preferences of linear model compounds of the corresponding homopolyesters. The results are fully consistent with the lack of polymerizability of γ-butyrolactone, while the ring openings of ε-caprolactone and δ-valerolactone have been found to be exergonic processes. Polymerizability of 1,4-dioxan-2-one has been found to be favored, even though less than that of ε-caprolactone and δ-valerolactone. Two factors explain these features: (i) the strain of the ester group in the lactones increases with the exergonic character of the ring-opening process, and (ii) the stability of coiled conformations in model compounds follows this order: poly-4-hydroxybutyrate > poly(1,4-dioxan-2-one) > poly-6-hydroxycaproate ≈ poly-5-hydroxyvalerate. Finally, the influence of the environment on the polymerizability of the three cyclic lactones is discussed in detail.Keywords
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