A three-layer PMMA electrophoresis microchip with Pt microelectrodes insulated by a thin film for contactless conductivity detection

Abstract

A three-layer poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) electrophoresis microchip integrated with Pt microelectrodes for contactless conductivity detection is presented. A 50 μm-thick PMMA film is used as the insulating layer and placed between the channel plate (containing the microchannel) and the electrode plate (containing the microelectrode). The three-layer structure facilitates the achievement of a thin insulating layer, obviates the difficulty of integrating microelectrodes on a thin film, and does not compromise the integration of microchips. To overcome the thermal and chemical incompatibilities of polymers and photolithographic techniques, a modified lift-off process was developed to integrate Pt microelectrodes onto the PMMA substrate. A novel two-step bonding method was created to assemble the complete PMMA microchip. A low limit of detection of 1.25 μg ml⁻¹ for Na⁺ and high separation efficiency of 77 000 and 48 000 plates/m for Na⁺ and K⁺ were obtained when operating the detector at a low excitation frequency of 60 kHz.