Equation of state of Al, Cu, Mo, and Pb at shock pressures up to 2.4 TPa (24 Mbar)

Abstract
Equation-of-state data and corresponding first-principles theory for the metals Al, Cu, Mo, and Pb are reported over the shock pressure range 0.4–2.4 TPa (4–24 Mbar). Strong shock waves were generated by nuclear explosions and a two-stage light-gas gun. The experimental data occur in the hot liquid-metal regime, where condensed-matter theory applies but with unusually large thermal components to the equation of state.