Aminivibrio pyruvatiphilus gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, amino-acid-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field

Abstract

A novel anaerobic bacterium that could ferment amino acids and organic acids was isolated from an anaerobic, propionate-oxidizing enrichment culture originating from soil of a rice field in Japan. Cells of the isolate, designated strain 4F6E^T, were Gram-staining-negative, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, vibrio-shaped, motile rods (0.8×2.0–2.5 µm) with two or three lateral flagella. Growth occurred at 20–42 °C (optimum at 37–40 °C), at pH 6.4–8.4 (optimum at pH 7.3) and at 0–1.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0–0.5 %). Good growth occurred on glycine, serine, cysteine, pyruvate and citrate, whereas poor growth was observed on threonine, glutamine, l-malate, α-ketoglutarate, peptone and Casamino acids. In co-culture with the hydrogen-utilizing methanogen Methanobacterium formicicum JCM 10132^T, strain 4F6E^T oxidized alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, aspartate, glutamate, histidine, asparagine and fumarate. Yeast extract was required for growth. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 61.9 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the type strains of Fretibacterium fastidiosum , Aminobacterium colombiense and Aminobacterium mobile , members of the family Synergistaceae , were the closest relatives of strain 4F6E^T, with low sequence similarities (89.3, 89.5 and 86.2 %, respectively). Strain 4F6E^T contained iso-C_13 : 0 (24.43 %), iso-C_15 : 0 (16.47 %) and C_19 : 1ω11c/C_19 : 1ω9c (16.32 %) as the major fatty acids, which differed from those of F. fastidiosum , Aminobacterium colombiense and Aminobacterium mobile . On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic differences between strain 4F6E^T and the type strains of F. fastidiosum and Aminobacterium species, we propose that strain 4F6E^T represents a novel genus and species, Aminivibrio pyruvatiphilus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Aminivibrio pyruvatiphilus is strain 4F6E^T ( = JCM 18417^T = DSM 25964^T).