A signal-switch hypothesis for cross-regulation of cytokine and TLR signalling pathways
- 1 October 2008
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Nature Reviews Immunology
- Vol. 8 (10), 816-822
- https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2396
Abstract
The activation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-coupled receptors influences signalling pathways downstream of other receptor types. In this Opinion, Lionel Ivashkiv describes how ITAM-dependent signalling can differentially influence cellular responses to Toll-like-receptor ligands and cytokines. The importance of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-coupled receptors in modulating signalling pathways downstream of other types of receptor is well established, but the mechanisms underlying this modulation are not known. Recent data suggest that calcium-dependent signalling downstream of ITAM-coupled receptors regulates the amplitude and functional outcomes of cytokine and TLR signalling. In this Opinion article, I describe a model whereby the intensity of ITAM-dependent signalling and the balance of calcium signals relative to other ITAM-mediated signalling pathways determines whether cellular responses to cytokines and TLR ligands are increased or inhibited. This model describes mechanisms that explain how ITAM-coupled receptors regulate heterologous signalling pathways.Keywords
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