Abstract
A basic idea which underlies test-score semantics is that a proposition in a natural language may be interpreted as a system of elastic constraints which is analogous to a non-linear program. Viewed in this perspective, meaning representation may be regarded as a process which (a) identifies the variables which are constrained, and (b) characterizes the constraints to which they are subjected. In test-score semantics, this is accomplished through the construction of a test procedure which tests, scores and aggregates the elastic constraints which are implicit in the proposition, yielding an overall test score which serves as a measure of compatibility between the proposition, on the one hand, and what is referred to as an explanatory database, on the other Test-score semantics provides a framework for the representation of the meaning of dispositions, that is, propositions which are preponderantly, but not necessarily always, true. Another important concept which is a part of test-score semantics is that of a canonical form, which may be viewed as a possibilistic analog of an assignment statement. The concepts of a disposition and canonical form play particularly important roles in the representation of—and reasoning with—commonsense knowledge.