miR-190-Mediated Downregulation of PHLPP Contributes to Arsenic-Induced Akt Activation and Carcinogenesis
Open Access
- 12 July 2011
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Toxicological Sciences
- Vol. 123 (2), 411-420
- https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfr188
Abstract
The role of trivalent arsenic (As3+) on the regulation of the recently identified noncoding small RNAs, mainly microRNAs, has not been explored so far. In the present study, we provide evidence showing that As3+ is a potent inducer for the expression of miR-190 in human bronchial epithelial cells. The induction of miR-190 by As3+ is concentration dependent and associated with the expression of the host gene of miR-190, talin 2, a gene encoding a high-molecular-weight cytoskeletal protein. The elevated level of miR-190 induced by As3+ is capable of downregulating the translation of the PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP), a negative regulator of Akt signaling. Such a downregulation is occurred through direct interaction of the miR-190 with the 3′-UTR region of the PHLPP mRNA, leading to a diminished PHLPP protein expression and consequently, an enhanced Akt activation and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, an Akt-regulated protein. Overexpression of miR-190 itself is able to enhance proliferation and malignant transformation of the cells as determined by anchorage-independent growth of the cells in soft agar. Accordingly, the data presented suggest that induction of miR-190 is one of the key mechanisms in As3+-induced carcinogenesis.Keywords
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