Self‐setting properties and in vitro bioactivity of Ca3SiO5/CaSO4⋅1/2H2o composite cement

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Abstract
In this study, a biphasic injectable bone substitute, based on tricalcium silicate (Ca3SiO5) and plaster (CaSO4⋅1/2H2O), is presented. The addition of CaSO4⋅1/2H2O could accelerate the hydration of Ca3SiO5, decrease the setting time, and improve the strength of the cement. The workable Ca3SiO5/CaSO4⋅1/2H2O pastes with a liquid to powder (L/P) ratio of 0.8–1.0 mL g−1 could be injected for 2–20 min (nozzle diameter 2.0 mm) and enabled initial setting times of 9–60 min. The setting process yielded cellular structures with compressive strength of 12.4–31.5 MPa after 2–28 days. The in vitro bioactivity of the paste was investigated by soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days. The result showed that although large amount of CaSO4⋅1/2H2O (30%) was added, the paste showed good ability to induce the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA). Furthermore, the Ca3SiO5/CaSO4⋅1/2H2O paste could degrade in Ringer's solution, and the dissolution extracts of the paste also had a stimulatory effect on L929 cell growth in certain concentration range. Our results indicated that Ca3SiO5/CaSO4⋅1/2H2O paste was bioactive and degradable, and showed excellent mechanical properties after self-setting. Therefore, it may be a potential candidate for further investigation as injectable tissue repairing substitute. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008