Effect of Chain Length on the Sensing of Volatile Organic Compounds by means of Silicon Nanowires

Abstract

Molecularly modified silicon nanowire field effect transistors (SiNW FETs) are starting to appear as promising devices for sensing various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Understanding the connection between the molecular layer structure attached to the SiNWs and VOCs is essential for the design of high performance sensors. Here, we explore the chain length influence of molecular layers on the sensing performance to polar and nonpolar VOCs. SiNW FETs were functionalized with molecular layers that have similar end (methyl) group and amide bridge bond, but differ in their alkyl chain lengths. The resulting devices were then exposed to polar and nonpolar VOCs in various concentrations. Our results showed that the sensing response to changing the threshold voltage (ΔV_th) and changing the relative hole mobility (Δμ_h/μ_h-a) have a proportional relationship to the VOC concentration. On exposure to a specific VOC concentration, ΔV_th response increased with the chain length of the molecular modification. In contrast, Δμ_h/μ_h-a did not exhibit any obvious reliance on the chain length of the molecular layer. Analysis of the responses with an electrostatic-based model suggests that the sensor response in ΔV_th is dependent on the VOC concentration, VOC vapor pressure, VOC–molecular layer binding energy, and VOC adsorption-induced dipole moment changes of molecular layer.