Active Gravitational Mass

Abstract
Tolman states that "...disordered radiation in the interior of a fluid sphere contributes roughly speaking twice as much to the gravitational field of the sphere as the same amount of energy in the form of matter." The gravitational pull exerted by a system on a distant test particle might therefore at first sight be expected to increase if within the system a pair of oppositely charged electrons annihilate to produce radiation. This apparent paradox is analyzed here in the case where gravitational effects internal to the system are unimportant. It is shown that tensions in the wall of the container compensate the effect mentioned by Tolman so that the net gravitational pull exerted by the system does not change.