The impact of loading, unloading, ageing and injury on the human tendon

Abstract

A tendon transfers force from the contracting muscle to the skeletal system to produce movement and is therefore a crucial component of the entire muscle‐tendon complex and its function. However, research focus on tendon has for some time centered on mechanical properties without any major appreciation for its potential for cellular and molecular changes. Similarly, methodological developments have permitted determination of mechanical properties of human tendons, in vivo, which was previously not possible. Here, we review the current understanding of how tendons respond to loading, unloading, ageing and injury from a cellular, molecular and mechanical point of view. A mechanistic understanding of tendon tissue adaptation will be vital for development of adequate guidelines in physical training and rehabilitation, as well as for optimal injury treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved