Size Specifically High Activity of Ru Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in Alkaline Electrolyte
- 16 May 2013
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Vol. 135 (21), 8016-8021
- https://doi.org/10.1021/ja4021638
Abstract
The hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline electrolyte was conducted on carbon-supported Ru nanoparticles (Ru/C) of which size was controlled in the range from approximately 2 to 7 nm. The HOR activity of Ru/C normalized by the metal surface area showed volcano shaped dependence on the particle size with a maximum activity at approximately 3 nm. The HOR activity of approximately 3 nm Ru/C was higher than commercially available Pt nanoparticles (ca. 2 nm) supported on carbon. The structural analysis of Ru/C using Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy with atomic resolution revealed the unique structural change of Ru/C different from Pt/C: Ru nanoparticle structure changed from amorphous-like structure below 3 nm to metal nanocrystallite with roughened surface at approximately 3 nm and then to that with well-defined facets above 3 nm, although Pt/C kept well-defined facets even at approximately 2 nm. It is proposed that the generation of unique structure observed on approximately 3 nm Ru nanoparticles, that is, long bridged coordinatively unsaturated Ru metal surface atoms on its nanocrystallite, is a key to achieve high HOR activity.Keywords
This publication has 38 references indexed in Scilit:
- Evidence of Nonelectrochemical Shift Reaction on a CO-Tolerant High-Entropy State Pt–Ru Anode Catalyst for Reliable and Efficient Residential Fuel Cell SystemsJournal of the American Chemical Society, 2012
- A rotating disk electrode study of the particle size effects of Pt for the hydrogen oxidation reactionPhysical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2012
- Electrocatalysis on Platinum Nanoparticles: Particle Size Effect on Oxygen Reduction Reaction ActivityNano Letters, 2011
- Monodispersed Platinum Nanoparticle Supported Carbon Electrodes for Hydrogen Oxidation and Oxygen Reduction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel CellsThe Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2010
- Platinum-Based Nanostructured Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and ApplicationsChemical Reviews, 2010
- Oxygen Reduction on Well-Defined Core−Shell Nanocatalysts: Particle Size, Facet, and Pt Shell Thickness EffectsJournal of the American Chemical Society, 2009
- Electrocatalysis of H2 oxidation on Ru(0001) and Ru(10−10) single crystal surfacesJournal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2003
- Hydrogen electrochemistry on platinum low-index single-crystal surfaces in alkaline solutionJournal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions, 1996
- H2 and CO Electrooxidation on Well-Characterized Pt, Ru, and Pt-Ru. 2. Rotating Disk Electrode Studies of CO/H2 Mixtures at 62 .degree.CThe Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1995
- H2 and CO Electrooxidation on Well-Characterized Pt, Ru, and Pt-Ru. 1. Rotating Disk Electrode Studies of the Pure Gases Including Temperature EffectsThe Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1995