CuO Nanoparticles Catalyzed C−N, C−O, and C−S Cross-Coupling Reactions: Scope and Mechanism

Abstract
CuO nanoparticles have been studied for C−N, C−O, and C−S bond formations via cross-coupling reactions of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur nucleophiles with aryl halides. Amides, amines, imidazoles, phenols, alcohols and thiols undergo reactions with aryl iodides in the presence of a base such as KOH, Cs2CO3, and K2CO3 at moderate temperature. The procedure is simple, general, ligand-free, and efficient to afford the cross-coupled products in high yield.