Antibody Binding to Cryptococcus neoformans Impairs Budding by Altering Capsular Mechanical Properties
- 1 January 2013
- journal article
- research article
- Published by The American Association of Immunologists in The Journal of Immunology
- Vol. 190 (1), 317-323
- https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1202324
Abstract
Abs to microbial capsules are critical for host defense against encapsulated pathogens, but very little is known about the effects of Ab binding on the capsule, apart from producing qualitative capsular reactions (âquellungâ effects). A problem in studying Abâcapsule interactions is the lack of experimental methodology, given that capsules are fragile, highly hydrated structures. In this study, we pioneered the use of optical tweezers microscopy to study Abâcapsule interactions. Binding of protective mAbs to the capsule of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans impaired yeast budding by trapping newly emerging buds inside the parental capsule. This effect is due to profound mAb-mediated changes in capsular mechanical properties, demonstrated by a concentration-dependent increase in capsule stiffness. This increase involved mAb-mediated cross-linking of capsular polysaccharide molecules. These results provide new insights into Ab-mediated immunity, while suggesting a new nonclassical mechanism of Ab function, which may apply to other encapsulated pathogens. Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that Abs have direct antimicrobial functions independent of other components of the immune system.This publication has 70 references indexed in Scilit:
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