Protection from half‐mustard‐gas‐induced acute lung injury in the rat
- 18 July 2002
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Journal of Applied Toxicology
- Vol. 22 (4), 257-262
- https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.856
Abstract
The chemical warfare agent analog, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, known as ‘half-mustard gas’ (HMG), is less toxic and less of an environmental hazard than the full molecule and has been shown to produce an acute lung injury in rats when instilled via intrapulmonary injection. This injury is characterized by massive, localized hemorrhage and edema into the alveolar compartment and can be quantitated by measuring extravasation of 125I-bovine serum albumin into the extravascular compartment. Employing this rat model of HMG-induced lung injury, we observed significant attenuation of the pulmonary injury when experimental animals were complement or neutrophil depleted prior to HMG challenge. Significant protection also was provided by the use of antioxidants such as catalase, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl thiourea, resveratrol and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). The last compound showed protection from lung injury as high as 70% and was still effective even when given up to 90 min after exposure of the lungs to HMG. These data suggest that acute lung injury caused by exposure to HMG may be related partially to complement mediated pathways and the generation by neutrophils of toxic oxygen species The data indicate that NAC is an effective antidote against HMG-induced acute lung injury in the rat. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords
This publication has 32 references indexed in Scilit:
- Histopathological changes in Yucatan minipig skin following challenge with sulphur mustard. A sequential study of the first 24 hours following challengeInternational Journal of Experimental Pathology, 1997
- Activation of alpha-human tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) by human monocytes (THP-1) exposed to 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulphide (H-MG)Human & Experimental Toxicology, 1995
- Studies on urine and tissues of rats, guineapigs and mice exposed to sulphur mustard using mass spectrometryJournal of Biosciences, 1995
- Distribution of [14C]Sulfur Mustard in Rats After Intravenous ExposureToxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 1994
- Inhibition of human LDL oxidation by resveratrolThe Lancet, 1993
- Biological fate of sulphur mustard in rat: toxicokinetics and dispositionXenobiotica, 1993
- Toxicity of vesicant agents scheduled for destruction by the Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program.Environmental Health Perspectives, 1992
- Evidence for role of hydroxyl radical in complement and neutrophil-dependent tissue injury.JCI Insight, 1983
- Oxygen Radical Dependent Lung Damage following Thermal Injury of Rat SkinThe Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 1983
- Intravascular activation of complement and acute lung injury. Dependency on neutrophils and toxic oxygen metabolites.JCI Insight, 1982