A comprehensive review on the treatment approaches of multiple sclerosis: currently and in the future

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), mainly characterized by inflammatory demyelination, which manifests as relapses and diffuse damage and brain volume loss, both accounting for neurodegeneration, and therefore, physical disability. MS typically affects young adults and is commonly diagnosed in the early years by acute relapses, which then followed through partial or complete remission period. The clinical course of MS is characterized as four major classifications, including relapsing–remitting (RRMS), primary progressive (PPMS), progressive relapsing (PRMS), and secondary progressive (SPMS).