The cerebellum is subdivided into hundreds of discrete modules defined by their connectivity and molecular signatures. Cerebellar compartmentation arises very early in development through the formation of multiple populations of chemically distinct Purkinje cells that migrate in a coordinated fashion to form para-sagittal bands of cells. Different Purkinje cell bands are then innervated by discrete subpopulations of cerebellar afferents. Because of its stereotyped and strikingly beautiful organization the cerebellum is an excellent model in which to explore genetic/epigenetic aspects of pattern formation in the central nervous system.