Experimental ladder proof of Hardy's nonlocality for high-dimensional quantum systems
- 9 August 2017
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review A
- Vol. 96 (2), 022115
- https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.96.022115
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a rapidly growing interest in high-dimensional quantum entanglement for fundamental studies as well as towards novel applications. Therefore, the ability to verify entanglement between physical qudits, -dimensional quantum systems, is of crucial importance. To show nonclassicality, Hardy's paradox represents “the best version of Bell's theorem” without using inequalities. However, so far it has only been tested experimentally for bidimensional vector spaces. Here, we formulate a theoretical framework to demonstrate the ladder proof of Hardy's paradox for arbitrary high-dimensional systems. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate the ladder proof by taking advantage of the orbital angular momentum of high-dimensionally entangled photon pairs. We perform the ladder proof of Hardy's paradox for dimensions 3 and 4, both with the ladder up to the third step. Our paper paves the way towards a deeper understanding of the nature of high-dimensionally entangled quantum states and may find applications in quantum information science.
Keywords
Funding Information
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (11474238, 91636109)
- Xiamen University (20720160040)
- Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2015J06002)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Canada Research Chairs
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