Metabolic Syndrome in Apparently “Healthy” Ghanaian Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Open Access
- 1 January 2017
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Hindawi Limited in International Journal of Chronic Diseases
- Vol. 2017, 1-9
- https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2562374
Abstract
Background. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. We systematically reviewed the literature towards estimating the prevalence of MetS among apparently “healthy” Ghanaian adults.Methods. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Africa Journals Online, African Index Medicus, and Google scholar as well as the websites of the Ministry of Health and Ghana Health service through September 2016. Only studies conducted among apparently “healthy” (no established disease, e.g., diabetes and hypertension) adults aged ≥ 18 years were considered. Only studies that utilised the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP), World Health Organization (WHO), or International Diabetes Federation (IDF) classifications for MetS were included.Results. Data from nine studies involving 1,559 individuals were pooled. The prevalence of MetS based on NCEP-ATP, WHO, and IDF classifications was 12.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.3–17.4%), 6.0% (95% CI = 1.4–13.1%), and 21.2% (95% CI = 12.4–30.9), respectively. Prevalence of MetS was higher among women than men.Conclusion. Among a population of adult Ghanaians deemed “healthy,” there is a high prevalence of MetS. Preventive measures are required to address the risk components of MetS such as obesity and hypertension which are rapidly rising in Ghana.Keywords
This publication has 47 references indexed in Scilit:
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adults: a systematic reviewBMC Public Health, 2013
- The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its predominant components among pre-and postmenopausal Ghanaian womenBMC Research Notes, 2013
- Effects of lifestyle modification on metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysisBMC Medicine, 2012
- Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a rural population in GhanaBMC Endocrine Disorders, 2012
- Epidemiological Transition and the Double Burden of Disease in Accra, GhanaJournal of Urban Health, 2010
- Epidemic of hypertension in Ghana: a systematic reviewBMC Public Health, 2010
- Menopause and metabolic syndrome: A study of 498 urban women from western IndiaJournal of Mid-life Health, 2010
- Harmonizing the Metabolic SyndromeCirculation, 2009
- Metabolic syndrome in a sub-Saharan African setting: Central obesity may be the key determinantAtherosclerosis, 2006
- Measuring inconsistency in meta-analysesBMJ, 2003