Multipartite Entanglement Signature of Quantum Phase Transitions

Abstract

We derive a general relation between the nonanalyticities of the ground state energy and those of a subclass of the multipartite generalized global entanglement (GGE) measure defined by de Oliveira et al. [ Phys. Rev. A 73, 010305(R) (2006)] for many-particle systems. We show that GGE signals both a critical point location and the order of a quantum phase transition (QPT). We also show that GGE allows us to study the relation between multipartite entanglement and QPTs, suggesting that multipartite but not bipartite entanglement is favored at the critical point. Finally, using GGE we were able, at a second-order QPT, to define a diverging entanglement length (EL) in terms of the usual correlation length. We exemplify this with the $XY$ spin-$1/2$ chain and show that the EL is half the correlation length.