Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting at Semiconductor Electrodes: Fundamental Problems and New Perspectives

Abstract

Some fundamental aspects of light‐driven water splitting at semiconductor electrodes are reviewed along with recent experimental and theoretical progress. The roles of thermodynamics and kinetics in defining criteria for successful water‐splitting systems are examined. An overview of recent research is given that places emphasis on new electrode materials, theoretical advances and the development of semi‐quantitative experimental methods to study the dynamics of light‐driven water‐splitting reactions. Key areas are identified that will need particular attention as the search continues for stable, efficient and cost‐effective light‐driven photoelectrolysis systems that exploit electron/hole separation in semiconductor/electrolyte junctions.