IFR-9/STAT2 Functional Interaction Drives Retinoic Acid–Induced Gene G Expression Independently of STAT1

Abstract

Retinoic acid–induced gene G (RIG-G), a gene originally identified in all-trans retinoic acid–treated NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells, is also induced by IFNα in various hematopoietic and solid tumor cells. Our previous work showed that RIG-G possessed a potent antiproliferative activity. However, the mechanism for the transcriptional regulation of RIG-G gene remains unknown. Here, we report that signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 2 together with IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-9 can effectively drive the transcription of RIG-G gene by their functional interaction through a STAT1-independent manner, even without the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT2. The complex IRF-9/STAT2 is both necessary and sufficient for RIG-G gene expression. In addition, IRF-1 is also able to induce RIG-G gene expression through an IRF-9/STAT2–dependent or IRF-9/STAT2–independent mechanism. Moreover, the induction of RIG-G by retinoic acid in NB4 cells resulted, to some extent, from an IFNα autocrine pathway, a finding that suggests a novel mechanism for the signal cross-talk between IFNα and retinoic acid. Taken together, our results provide for the first time the evidence of the biological significance of IRF-9/STAT2 complex, and furnish an alternative pathway modulating the expression of IFN-stimulated genes, contributing to the diversity of IFN signaling to mediate their multiple biological properties in normal and tumor cells. [Cancer Res 2009;69(8):3673–80]