Interfacial Effects in Solid–Liquid Electrolytes for Improved Stability and Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Abstract

With the purpose of achieving stable dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with high efficiency, a new type of soft matter electrolyte is tested in which specific amounts of nanosized silica particles are finely dispersed in short-chained polyethylene glycol dimethylether encompassing iodide/triiodide redox mediator. It results in a solid-liquid composite having synergistic electrical and favorable mechanical properties. The combination of interfacial effects and particle network formation promotes enhanced ion transport, which directly impacts the short-circuit photocurrent density. Thorough analysis reveals that this newly elaborated class of electrolytes is able to improve, at the same time, the thermal and long-term stability of DSSCs, as well as power conversion efficiency under standard and lower irradiation intensity. Lab-scale devices with champion efficiency exceeding 11% under attenuated sunlight (20 mW cm−2, with a compact TiO2 blocking layer) are obtained, along with impressively stable performance under both thermal stress and light soaking in indoor environment (> 96% performance retention after 2500 h of accelerated aging under full sun alternated with thermal ramps), matching the durability criteria applied to silicon solar cells for outdoor applications. The new findings might foster widespread practical application of dye-sensitized solar cells.