Clinical Course of Breast Cancer Patients With Metastases Limited to the Liver Treated With Chemotherapy

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to describe the clinical course of patients with breast cancer with liver metastases alone who were treated on doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide or taxane-containing chemotherapy protocols at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Patients and Methods: A total of 2,193 patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated on prospective clinical protocols at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer between 1973 and 2003. Among those, 132 were identified as having the liver as the first site of metastatic disease. The following information was obtained from the medical records: gender, age, race, performance status, menopausal status, hormonal receptor status, laboratory data, primary treatment, prior systemic treatment, disease-free interval, extent of metastatic disease, response to chemotherapy, site of progression, time to tumor progression, overall survival, and cause of death. Results: Of the patients 62% received anthracycline-based regimens and 38% received anthracycline- and taxane-based regimens on various clinical protocols as the initial therapy for metastatic disease. The median follow-up of the patients was 52 months. The overall objective response rate was 66.4%; 16.4% of the patients achieved complete responses. The median time to progression was 14 months. Progression-free survival rates were 56% and 30% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. The median overall survival was 25 months. Sixteen patients (12.1%) survived longer than 60 months. There was a statistically inverse relation between a high lactate dehydrogenase level and achieving a complete response (P < 0.05). Age ≥50 years, extent of liver metastases, performance status, and lactate dehydrogenase and albumin levels are significantly related to progression-free survival (P < 0.05). Year of liver metastases diagnosis, extent of liver metastases, performance status, and albumin level are significantly related to overall survival (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This retrospective analysis demonstrated that patients with liver metastases only had high objective response rates and encouraging results for median survival obtained with currently available cytotoxic agents.