Processing, texture quality, and piezoelectric properties of C textured (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)TiO3 - xPbTiO3 ceramics

Abstract

This paper describes the link between texture quality and electromechanical properties for C textured, 0.03(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3 - 0.97[0.715Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)TiO3 - 0.285PbTiO3] (0.03NBT-0.97[PMN-28.5PT]) ceramics with and without Mn-doping. Here, the subscript C denotes pseudocubic indices. Textured ceramics were prepared by templated grain growth of PMN-25PT on platelet-shaped 0.4(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-0.6PbTiO3 (NBT-0.6PT) templates. Texture fractions of f = 0.92 (for undoped (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)TiO3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT)) and f = 0.49 (for Mn-doped PMN-PT) were determined by fitting 002CXRD pole figures to the March-Dollase model, which was modified to account for symmetry-related 200C and 020C reflections. Using resonance methods, the elastic constants cij, sij, piezoelectric constants dij, eij, gij, hij, dielectric constants ɛ ij, and coupling coefficients kij of textured PMN-PT ceramics were characterized. It was found that the properties of textured PMN-PT approach the single crystal values along the texture axis (C, also the poling axis), but not in transverse directions. In particular, the elastic compliance sE 11 (perpendicular to C) approaches an average of the single crystal sE 11 and sE 11(45°) coefficients, resulting in anomalous -sE 12/sE 11 ratios of − 0.01 and 0.04 in pure and Mn-doped textured PMN-PT, respectively. The 33-mode properties as measured by resonance-antiresonance methods were d33 = 852 pC/N, k33 = 0.83, ε 33 = 3500, and mechanical quality factor Qm = 94 for undoped textured ceramics and d33 = 515, k33 = 0.76, ε 33 = 2200, and Qm = 714 for Mn-doped textured ceramics.