Bioavailability of Cadmium from In Vitro Digested Infant Food Studied in Caco-2 Cells

Abstract

The solubility and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) in infant foods, three cereal- and milk-based diets and two ready-to-use baby dishes, were studied after in vitro digestion and by using human intestinal Caco-2 cells. The solubility of Cd after in vitro digestion varied between diets; liver casserole had the highest solubility and was lower after infant as compared to adult digestion conditions. Generally, more Cd was soluble in infant intestinal than gastric juice in contrast to the results from the adult digestion. Caco-2 cells were incubated with supernatants of infant digests that had been equilibrated with ¹⁰⁹Cd during the in vitro digestion procedure, and cellular uptake and transport of ¹⁰⁹Cd were measured after 180 min. Statistically significant differences in both uptake and transport of Cd were detected between some of the diets and a control solution containing only digestive enzymes and ¹⁰⁹CdCl₂. Uptake of soluble Cd in the cells varied between diets from 4 to 6%, and the transport over the monolayers was 1−2% of the dose. We conclude that age specific digestion conditions as well as composition of diets affect both solubility and bioavailability of Cd. Keywords: Cadmium; infant food; in vitro digestion; Caco-2 cells; bioavailability