Development of safe and scalable continuous-flow methods for palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions
- 16 June 2010
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in Green Chemistry
- Vol. 12 (7), 1180-1186
- https://doi.org/10.1039/c0gc00106f
Abstract
The synthetic scope and utility of Pd-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions has advanced significantly over the past decade, and these reactions have the potential to address important green-chemistry challenges in the pharmaceutical industry. This potential has not been realized, however, because safety concerns and process constraints hinder large-scale applications of this chemistry. These limitations are addressed by the development of a continuous-flow tube reactor, which has been demonstrated on several scales in the aerobic oxidation of alcohols. Use of a dilute oxygen gas source (8% O2 in N2) ensures that the oxygen/organic mixture never enters the explosive regime, and efficient gas-liquid mixing in the reactor minimizes decomposition of the homogeneous catalyst into inactive Pd metal. These results provide the basis for large-scale implementation of palladium-catalyzed (and other) aerobic oxidation reactions for pharmaceutical synthesis.Keywords
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