Feasibility of analysing [13C]urea breath tests for Helicobacter pylori by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode

Abstract

Background: The [¹³C]urea breath test for Helicobacter pylori is nonradioactive, as well as noninvasive, but few clinical laboratories have the expensive isotope ratio mass spectrometer used for analysis. Methods: To demonstrate the feasibility of analysing [¹³C]urea breath tests with a gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer routinely used for drug testing, ¹³CO₂ standards for breath tests and breath samples from patients in a multiple‐blind study were analysed. The breath samples were also analysed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and the diagnoses were compared with biopsy results. Results: The precision of the enrichment measurements by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was 1.1 parts per thousand, and the calculated differences in enrichment between standard gases equaled the certified values. The sensitivity (94%), specificity (94%), and percentage agreement (94%) for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (n=34) were as high or higher than for analysis of replicate breath samples by isotope ratio mass spectrometry and comparable to the values reported for diagnosis of the bacterium by other currently accepted tests. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer can be used to analyse [¹³C]urea breath tests, thus potentially lowering the cost of the test and increasing the number of laboratories that can perform the test.