Structural Analysis of an Open Active Site Conformation of Nonheme Iron Halogenase CytC3
Open Access
- 12 March 2009
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Vol. 131 (13), 4872-4879
- https://doi.org/10.1021/ja8097355
Abstract
CytC3, a member of the recently discovered class of nonheme Fe(II) and α-ketoglutarate (αKG)-dependent halogenases, catalyzes the double chlorination of l-2-aminobutyric acid (Aba) to produce a known Streptomyces antibiotic, γ,γ-dichloroaminobutyrate. Unlike the majority of the Fe(II)-αKG-dependent enzymes that catalyze hydroxylation reactions, halogenases catalyze a transfer of halides. To examine the important enzymatic features that discriminate between chlorination and hydroxylation, the crystal structures of CytC3 both with and without αKG/Fe(II) have been solved to 2.2 Å resolution. These structures capture CytC3 in an open active site conformation, in which no chloride is bound to iron. Comparison of the open conformation of CytC3 with the closed conformation of another nonheme iron halogenase, SyrB2, suggests two important criteria for creating an enzyme-bound Fe—Cl catalyst: (1) the presence of a hydrogen-bonding network between the chloride and surrounding residues, and (2) the presence of a hydrophobic pocket in which the chloride resides.Keywords
This publication has 32 references indexed in Scilit:
- Metal ligand substitution and evidence for quinone formation in taurine/α-ketoglutarate dioxygenaseJournal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 2007
- Developing a new resource for drug discovery: marine actinomycete bacteriaNature Chemical Biology, 2006
- Coot: model-building tools for molecular graphicsActa Crystallographica Section D-Biological Crystallography, 2004
- Fe(II)/α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Hydroxylases and Related EnzymesCritical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2004
- Characterization of a high-spin Fe(IV) intermediate in the reaction of taurine/alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase (TauD)Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 2003
- Multiple sequence alignment with the Clustal series of programsNucleic Acids Research, 2003
- XtalView/Xfit—A Versatile Program for Manipulating Atomic Coordinates and Electron DensityJournal of Structural Biology, 1999
- Effects of Concerted Hydrogen Bonding of Distal Histidine on Active Site Structures of Horseradish Peroxidase. Resonance Raman Studies with Asn70 MutantsJournal of the American Chemical Society, 1997
- [20] Processing of X-ray diffraction data collected in oscillation modeMethods in Enzymology, 1997
- Relevance of chlorine-substituent for the antifungal activity of syringomycin and syringotoxin, metabolites of the phytopathogenic bacteriumPseudomonas syringae pv.syringaeCellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 1994