The atherosclerotic heart disease and protecting properties of garlic: contemporary data
- 26 October 2007
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Wiley in Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
- Vol. 51 (11), 1365-1381
- https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700064
Abstract
This article reviews the contemporary data concerning atherosclerosis and protecting properties of garlic. Recent advances in basic science have established a fundamental role for inflammation in mediating all stages of this disease from initiation through progression and, ultimately, the thrombotic complications of atherosclerosis. These new findings provide important links between risk factors and the mechanisms of atherogenesis and garlic properties. Numerous in vitro studies have confirmed the ability of garlic to reduce the parameters of the risk of atherosclerosis: total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, oxidized LDL. Bioactive compounds and antioxidant potentials in fresh, cooked, boiled and commercial garlic from different regions are presented, using β‐carotene, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) with K2S2O8 or MnO2, ferric‐reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and others assays for antioxidant status. In vivo studies were reviewed on with garlic and cholesterol supplemented diets. The positive influences of garlic on plasma lipids, proteins, antioxidant activity, and some indices of blood coagulation are dose dependent. Garlic could be a valuable component of atherosclerosis‐preventing diets only in optimal doses. Many recently published reports show that garlic possesses plasma lipid‐lowering and plasma anticoagulant and antioxidant properties and improves impaired endothelial function.Keywords
This publication has 102 references indexed in Scilit:
- Fatty acid composition of Allium species lipidsJournal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2006
- Reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity of different cooked garlic preparationsLife Sciences, 2006
- Raw and boiled garlic enhances plasma antioxidant activity and improves plasma lipid metabolism in cholesterol-fed ratsLife Sciences, 2005
- Antiatherosclerotic effects of dietary supplementations of garlic and turmeric: Restoration of endothelial function in ratsLife Sciences, 2005
- Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Artery DiseaseNew England Journal of Medicine, 2005
- The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular diseaseJournal of the American College of Cardiology, 2004
- Multifunctional roles of macrophages in the development and progression of atherosclerosis in humans and experimental animalsMedical Molecular Morphology, 2002
- Homocysteinemia as a risk factor for atherosclerosis: a reviewCardiovascular Surgery, 1997
- The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990sNature, 1993
- The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis — An UpdateNew England Journal of Medicine, 1986