Percutaneous Transperitoneal Approach to a Pelvic Kidney for Endourological Removal of Staghorn Calculus

Abstract

Percutaneous access to a pelvic kidney was obtained by retrograde nephrostomy in combination with continuous observation and displacement of bowel loops via a laparoscope. A staghorn calculus was removed by ultrasonic lithotripsy and mechanical extraction, and the patient was discharged from the hospital 5 days later.