Real‐World Data on the Lifespan of Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillators Depending on Manufacturers and the Amount of Ventricular Pacing

Abstract

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) longevity is crucial for both patients and public health systems because it determines the number of surgical ICD replacements, which can generally be considered an additional risk factor for complications, and the cost-effectiveness of ICD therapy. Our objective was to obtain insight into the "real-world" longevities of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, which quite often differ from those stated in the manufacturers' declarations. On the basis of a prospective database, we analyzed all ICD implantations performed in our hospital from June 1988 to June 2009. We studied 980 patients (follow-up 58 ± 51 months) with 1,502 ICDs and all respective data until August 2010. We compared the percentage of still operating ICDs at different points in time in relation to manufacturers, types of device (single chamber 623, dual chamber 588, cardiac resynchronization therapy ICDs [CRT-D] 291), and amount of right ventricular pacing (VP). We found distinct differences between the mean lifespans of ICDs of different manufacturers (Biotronik 4.3 years, Sorin 4.5 years, Guidant/Boston Scientific 4.7 years, St. Jude Medical 5 years, Medtronic 5.8 years). CRT-D devices (hazard ratio [HR] 1.778, P = 0.0005) were associated with an elevated annual relative risk for device replacement while a decrease in the proportion of VP (HR 0.934 for each 10% decrease in VP, P < 0.0001) and Medtronic ICDs were associated with a reduced risk of device replacement (HR 0.544, P < 0.0001). CRT-Ds and an elevated percentage of VP are associated with a significantly elevated risk for device replacement, while Medtronic ICDs showed the longest lifespans.