The biological mechanisms of PCNA and BMP in TMJ adaptive remodeling

Abstract
To histologically and immunohistochemically assess the pattern of expression of bone morphogenic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP2/4) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in response to bite jumping appliances in the condylar cartilage and the glenoid fossa. Fifty-five 4-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four experimental and four control groups. Bite-jumping appliances were fitted to the experimental animals. The rats were sacrificed at 3, 14, 21, and 30 days, and the temporomandibular structures were analyzed histologically and immunohistochemically. The expression of BMP2/4 in response to bite-jumping appliances was statistically significant in the condylar cartilage and the glenoid fossa. Cell proliferation was not significant. BMP2/4 plays an important role in bone formation in response to mandibular advancement by accelerating and enhancing the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into bone-forming cells.

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