Multimodally expressed humour shaping Scottishness in tourist postcards
- 9 March 2011
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Taylor & Francis Ltd in Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change
- Vol. 9 (1), 1-17
- https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2010.521561
Abstract
This paper investigates multimodally expressed humour (MEH) in illustrated comic tourist postcards targeting Scottish weather, culture, tourism and people. After positioning postcards as a tourism text genre, it discusses the notions of stereotypes and of humour. Since modal shift activates a script shift in the cards, the key semantic process of humour de/codification, the paper suggests a specific method of analysis. The General Theory of Verbal Humor by Attardo and Raskin [Script theory revis(it)ed: Joke similarity and joke representation model. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 4(3–4), 293–347 (1991); Non-literalness and non-bona-fide in language: Approaches to formal and computational treatments of humor and irony. Cognition and Pragmatics, 2(1), 31–69 (1994)] is integrated with tools for the analysis of visual texts [Kress, G., & van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading images: The grammar of visual design (2nd ed.). London: Routledge] and of cross-modal interaction [Barthes, R. ( [1964] 1977 Barthes, R. [1964] 1977. “Rhetoric of the image”. In Image, music, text, Edited by: Barthes, R. 32–51. London: Fontana Press. [Google Scholar] ). Rhetoric of the image. In Image, music, text (pp. 32–51). London: Fontana Press; Barthes, R. (1967). Elements of semiology. New York, NY: Hill and Wang]. The paper is concerned with the communication dynamics enacted by stereotype-based MEH texts. MEH captures the readers' attention, engenders a suspension of disbelief and a pleasant psychological attitude, assists concentration, outlines the reading path, places emphasis and thus leaves a lasting mnestic trace. Rather than aggressive humour, MEH intertwines stereotyping and self-stereotyping, mockery and self-mockery to encode modes of perception of and response to the destination. The analysed postcards fulfil a promotional function, enhancing both the status of the destination and of the sender. Meanwhile, they allow us to develop self- and cultural awareness, since they overtly address stereotyped forms of identity and culture configuration.Keywords
This publication has 16 references indexed in Scilit:
- NOW THAT IS FUNNY: Humour in Tourism SettingsAnnals of Tourism Research, 2009
- Language and image interaction in cartoons: Towards a multimodal theory of humorJournal of Pragmatics, 2009
- A typology of photographic representations for tourism: Depictions of groomed spacesTourism Management, 2008
- Family relationships in comic postcards 1900–1930The History of the Family, 2007
- From benefactor to tourist santa on cards from thailandAnnals of Tourism Research, 2007
- The Social Psychology of HumorPublished by Elsevier BV ,2007
- A system for image-text relations in new (and old) mediaVisual Communication, 2005
- Non-verbal humor and joke performanceHUMOR, 2004
- Postcards from MaltaAnnals of Tourism Research, 2001
- Script theory revis(it)ed: joke similarity and joke representation modelHUMOR, 1991