Effects of obesity on bone metabolism
Top Cited Papers
Open Access
- 1 January 2011
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
- Vol. 6 (1), 30
- https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-799x-6-30
Abstract
Obesity is traditionally viewed to be beneficial to bone health because of well-established positive effect of mechanical loading conferred by body weight on bone formation, despite being a risk factor for many other chronic health disorders. Although body mass has a positive effect on bone formation, whether the mass derived from an obesity condition or excessive fat accumulation is beneficial to bone remains controversial. The underline pathophysiological relationship between obesity and bone is complex and continues to be an active research area. Recent data from epidemiological and animal studies strongly support that fat accumulation is detrimental to bone mass. To our knowledge, obesity possibly affects bone metabolism through several mechanisms. Because both adipocytes and osteoblasts are derived from a common multipotential mesenchymal stem cell, obesity may increase adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation while decrease osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation. The increased circulating and tissue proinflammatory cytokines in obesity may promote osteoclast activity and bone resorption through modifying the receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK)/RANK ligand/osteoprotegerin pathway. Furthermore, the excessive secretion of leptin and/or decreased production of adiponectin by adipocytes in obesity may either directly affect bone formation or indirectly affect bone resorption through up-regulated proinflammatory cytokine production. Finally, high-fat intake may interfere with intestinal calcium absorption and therefore decrease calcium availability for bone formation. Unraveling the relationship between fat and bone metabolism at molecular level may help us to develop therapeutic agents to prevent or treat both obesity and osteoporosis.Keywords
This publication has 97 references indexed in Scilit:
- High fat diet-induced animal model of age-associated obesity and osteoporosisThe Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2010
- Bone-marrow adipocytes as negative regulators of the haematopoietic microenvironmentNature, 2009
- Osteoclastogenesis by Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages Is Enhanced in Obese MiceJournal of Nutrition, 2009
- Mechanical Strain Inhibits Adipogenesis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Stimulating a Durable β-Catenin SignalEndocrinology, 2008
- Osteocytes, mechanosensing and Wnt signalingBone, 2008
- Inflammation and metabolic disordersNature, 2006
- Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004JAMA, 2006
- Netoglitazone is a PPAR-gamma ligand with selective effects on bone and fatBone, 2006
- Aging Increases Stromal/Osteoblastic Cell-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Alters the Osteoclast Precursor Pool in the MouseJournal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2005
- Adiponectin increases bone mass by suppressing osteoclast and activating osteoblastBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2005